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9FEBRUARY2013BODYOFCHRISTNEWSAALIYAHCARTERisanhonorstudentandathletethathavebeenstra-tegicallychosentocompeteinthe2013trackfieldcompetitionfortherenownedInternationalSpecialistofAustraliaDOWNUNDERSPORTSAaliyahwaschosenfortheintensecompetitionduetoherscholasticexcellenceaswellashertalentpas-sionandskillinthesport.Attheveryyoungageof15Aaliyahalreadyhavemanyaccoladesunderherbelt.AaliyahisthecaptainoftheVistaPeakPreparatoryNICOLEWilliams.IamcurrentlyajunioratOralRobertsUniversityinTulsaOklahoma.AsmanyofyouknowIamaSocialWorkmajorandaSpanishminor.ThisfallsemesteratORUIinternedatachildrenssheltercalledLauraDesterChildrensCenter.ThisisanemergencyshelterinTulsawherekidsgowhentheyhavebeenremovedfromtheirhomesduetoabuseneglectorfostercareplacementdisruptions.IlearnedatonatthisshelterIsurehopeyoutookalittletimetodiscoverthehistoricalandculturalcontributionsofAfrican-Americansthismonth.VeryfewpeopleunderstandjusthowspecialBlackHistoryreallyis.ThatswhendrovesofblackartistsmusicianswriterspoetshistorianseducatorsandscientistsbreakoutoftheirstudiosofficesandlaboratoriestoparadeacrossAmericancampusesandmilitaryinstalla-tionswithlecturesworkshopsseminarsconcertsandpageants.SimplyputBlackHistoryMonthisatimetocelebrateAfrican-Americanculture.ForChaplainswhohappentobeblackBlackHistoryMonthholdsanothergoldenopportunity.ItisanappropriatetimetotakeacloserlookatmilitaryblackChaplainstorediscovertheiroriginsandobjectives.Withthousandsofnewenlistedandcom-missionedofficersfillingourranksitsimportanttoshedlightonthisparticularpartofmilitaryhistory.ChaplainHenryV.PlummerTheFederallegislationthatauthorizedtheposi-tionofregimentalchaplainforblackregimentswasbasedprimarilyuponthesoldiersneedforaneducation.Thereseemstobenoevidencethatanythoughtwasgiventotheblacksoldiersreligioustraditionortotheappointmentofablackchaplainwhounderstoodthattradition.Itwasnotuntil1884whenHenryV.Plummerwasappointedtothe9thCavalryRegimentthatablackclergymanwascom-missionedasachaplainintheregularArmy.WhenChaplainPlummerreportedtoFortRileythegarrisonwasfavorablyimpressedwithhismin-istryandsupportedhim.InoneofthefirstmonthlyreportsPlummersaidthathiscommanderregularlyattendedservicesandencouragedthetroopstoahigherstateofmoralityandeducation.Hisser-vicesSundayschoolandchoirwerewellattended.OthersfollowedPlummerChaplainGeorgeW.PrioleauChaplainGeorgeW.Prioleau1856-1927cler-gymanandchaplain.BorninCharlestonS.C.toslaveparentsL.S.andSusanPrioleau.Hegradu-atedfromClaflinUniversityOrangeburyin1875andtaughtinthepublicprimaryschoolsofLyonsTownshipOrangeburgCounty.HejoinedtheColumbiaS.C.ConferenceoftheAfricanMethodistEpiscopalChurchofwhichhisfatherwasapastoratSt.Matthews.PrioleauwassenttoWilberforceUniversityandgraduatedfromtheTheologicalDepartmentin1884.Inthespringof1885heacceptedacommissionaschaplainofthe9thCavalrywhichhejoinedatFortRobinsonNeb.HeservedtwolengthytoursofdutyinthePhilippinesbeforehistransfertothe10thCavalryontheMexicanborderin1915.Twoyearslaterasseniorchaplaininthearmyhewaspromotedtomajorandwastransferredtothe25thInfantryatSchofieldBarracksinHawaiiChaplainAllenAllensworthAllenAllensworth1842-1914businessmanchaplaineducatorandtownfounderBorntoslaveparentsPhyllisandLeviAllensworthinLouisvilleKy.April71842.Allensworthsuccessfullyescapedfromhismasterin1862onhisthirdattempt.Hejoinedthe44thIllinoisInfantryshospitalcorpsasaciviliannurseandsawactioninthe1862CivilWarcampaignthroughNashville.ThenheworkedonahospitalshipbeforeenlistingintheNavyiinApril1863.In1886heacceptedacommissionfromPresidentGloverClevelandasachaplainofthe24thInfantryaNegroregiment.HebeganhismilitarycareeratFortSupplyIndianTerritoryandlaterservedinNewMexicoArizonaUtahandMontana.DuringhisArmycareerhebecamewellknownforhiseffortsasaneducator.WhenAllensworthretiredin1906hewastheseniorChaplainintheArmy.Onhisdeparturefromtheservicehewaspromotedtolieutenant-colonelthehighestrankheldbyaNegrountilCharlesYoungspromotiontoColonelduringWorldWarI.AllensworthmovedtoLosAngelesandorganizedacompany1908toaidNegroeswhodesiredtomigratetoCalifornia.ThecompanysoldlotsinthenewtownofAllensworthTulareCounty.ThesiteofthetownwasdesignatedAllensworthStateHistoricalParkbytheStateofCalifornia.ChaplainTheophilusGouldStewardTheophilusGouldSteward1843-1924clergy-manchaplainauthorandeducator.StewardwasborninGouldtownanoldcommunityoffreeNegroesinCumberlandCountyN.J.Hispar-entswereJamesStewardamechanicwhofledtoGouldtownasanine-year-oldindenturedservant.StewardbecameaministerintheAfricanMethodistEpiscopalChurchin1861.HeorganizedthefirstNegroschoolinMarionGeorgiaandservedaspas-torofacongregationinMaconGeorgia.In1884henearlyachievedelectiontothepresi-dencyofWilberforceUniversitywherehehadreceivedthedegreeofDoctorofDivinitythreeyearspreviously.In1891heacceptedacommissionaschaplainofthe25thInfantryRegiment.StewardservedinCubaandinthePhilippinesaswellasseveralwesternpostsbeforeheretiredin1907tobecomevicepresidentchaplainandprofessorofHistoryFrenchandLogicatWilberforce.WhileservingaschaplainhewroteTheColoredRegularsintheU.S.Army1899reprintedtheHeroicser-viceofNegroregularsduringtheSpanish-AmericanWar.Stewardwroteseveralarticlespamphletsandbookswhileonactiveduty.ChaplainWilliamT.AndersonWilliamT.Anderson1859-1934clergymanchap-lainandphysician.HewasbornaslaveinSequinnearSanAntonioTexasonAugust201859.HeandhisotherfledeastwardtoGalvestonduringtheCivilWar.AndersonreceivedTheologicalCertificatefromHowardUniversityandin1886graduatedfromHomeopathicMedicalCollegeofClevelandin1888.LaterheservedaspastorforA.M.E.congregationsinUrbanaLimaToledoandClevelandOhio.HischurchinClevelandSt.JohnswasthelargestA.M.E.congregationinthestate.Andersonwasappointedtothechaplaincyofthe10thCavalrywiththerankofCaptainbyPresidentWilliamMcKinleyonAugust161897.ChaplainHenryMcNealTurnerHenryMcNealTurner1834-1915ChaplainagentoftheFreedmensBureaupoliticianeditorbishopcollegepresidentandcolonizationist.HewasbornnearAbbevilleS.C.thesonoffreeparentsHardyandSarahGreenTurner.Hisfatherdiedwhilehewasyoungandheworkedinthecottonfieldsandasanapprenticetoablacksmith.In1851hejoinedtheMethodistEpiscopalChurchSouth.Licensedtopreachin1853hebecameanitinerantministerinmostofthesouthernstates.LaterhepasturedtheIsraelChurchinWashingtonD.C.HissermonsurginghisparishionerstojointheUnionArmywerebroughttotheattentionofPresidentLincolnwhoin1863appointedhimachaplaininthearmyprobablythefirstNegrotoholdthispositionattachedtothe1stRegimentU.S.ColoredTroops.Musteredin1865hewasappointedChaplainbyPresidentAndrewJohnsonintheRegularArmyandassignedasanagentofFreedmensBureauinGeorgia.HesoonresignedandestablishedanumberofchurchesasabasetohelpthefreedNegroesparticipateinpolitics.ElectedaRepublicanmemberoftheGeorgiaConstitutionalConventionin1867.In1973hewaschosenasoneofthethreeNegroeswhoseportraitsaredisplayedinthestatecapitolinAtlantaGeorgia.TheothertwoareLucyLaneyandMartinLutherKingJr.OtherblackchaplainswhoservedduringthattimeperiodwereCharlesC.PierceandCephasC.Batemen.In1987theUnitedStatesArmyfinal-lyreceivedthefirsthighestrankingblackchaplainChiefofChaplainFORSCOMChaplainBGMatthewZimmerman.ByChaplainH.MalcolmNewtonRoughTimesForgedArmysBlackMinistryBLACKHISTORYAuthorH.MalcolmNewtonRetiredU.S.ArmyCaptainChaplain25thInfantry.ServedbothasenlistedandcommissionedOfficerundertheleadershipoftheChiefofChaplainMatthewZimmerman.ChaplainNewtonservedasassis-tantPostChaplainforthePresidioofMontereyCaliforniaHondurasCentralAmericaandFortOrdCalifornia.PresentlyNewtonisPresidentoftheDenverInstituteofUrbanStudiesandAdultCollegeinDowntownDenver303-562-6467.BlackChaplainsMaintainedFaithThroughPovertyWarandPrejudiceDonatetoHelpLocalYouthsReachTheirDreamsAllensworthsuccessfullyescapedfromhismasterin1862onhisthirdattempt.Hejoinedthe44thIllinoisInfantryshospitalcorpsasaciviliannurseandsawactioninthe1862CivilWarcampaign.ContinuedonBOCNEWS.comContinuedonBOCNEWS.com